ISCOMATRIXTM adjuvant reduces mucosal tolerance for effective pulmonary vaccination against influenza

Abstract

While most pathogens infect via mucosal surfaces, most current vaccines are delivered by injection. This situation remains despite awareness of the potential benefits of mucosal delivery for inducing protection against mucosainfecting pathogens. A major obstacle to the development of such vaccines is the paucity of safe and effective adjuvants that induce mucosal responses in non-rodents. Previously we demonstrated in sheep the potency of pulmonary-delivered influenza ISCOMATRIXTM vaccine, which induces both mucosal and systemic immunity, even with low antigen doses. In the current study, lung pre-exposure to influenza antigen alone significantly reduced the immune response to subsequent pul..